Globale Erwaermung

11
Mai
2005

Ireland Faces Big Chill as Ocean Current Slows

http://www.truthout.org/issues_05/051005EA.shtml

Earth Lightens Up - Why the Sun seems to be 'dimming'

I have to say it's interesting reading these two articles together. I've attached the additional article from January '05 entitled "Why the Sun Seems to Be Dimming" - which many of us will remember seeing posted. Now they are saying the Earth's surface is actually brightening.

Anna


Earth Lightens Up

Richland WA (SPX) May 06, 2005

Earth's surface has been getting brighter for more than a decade, a reversal from a dimming trend that may accelerate warming at the surface and unmask the full effect of greenhouse warming, according to an exhaustive new study of the solar energy that reaches land.

Ever since a report in the late 1980s uncovered a 4 to 6 percent decline of sunlight reaching the planet's surface over 30 years since 1960, atmospheric scientists have been trying out theories about why this would be and how it would relate to the greenhouse effect, the warming caused by the buildup of carbon dioxide and other gasses that trap heat in the atmosphere.

Meanwhile, a group led by Martin Wild at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, home of the international Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) archive, had gone to work collecting surface measurements and crunching numbers.

"BSRN didn't get started until the early '90s and worked hard to update the earlier archive," said Charles N. Long, senior scientist at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and co-author of a BSRN report in this week's issue (Friday, May 6) of the journal Science.

"When we looked at the more recent data, lo and behold, the trend went the other way," said Long, who conducted the work under the auspices of DOE's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program.

Data analysis capabilities developed by ARM research were crucial in the study, which reveals the planet's surface has brightened by about 4 percent the past decade.

The brightening trend is corroborated by other data, including satellite analyses that are the subject of another paper in this week's Science.

Sunlight that isn't absorbed or reflected by clouds as it plunges earthward will heat the surface. Because the atmosphere includes greenhouse gasses, solar warming and greenhouse warming are related.

"The atmosphere is heated from the bottom up, and more solar energy at the surface means we might finally see the increases in temperature that we expected to see with global greenhouse warming," Long said.

In fact, he said, many believe that we have already been seeing those effects in our most temperature-sensitive climates, with the melting of polar ice and high altitude glaciers.

The report's authors stopped short of attributing a cause to the cycle of surface dimming and brightening, but listed such suspects as changes in the number and composition of aerosols—liquid and solid particles suspended in air—and how aerosols affect the character of clouds.

Over the past decade, the ARM program has built a network of instrumentation sites to sample cloud characteristics and energy transfer in a variety of climates, from tropical to polar.

"The continuous, sophisticated data from these sites will be crucial for determining the causes," Long said.

Long also pointed out that 70 percent of the planet's surface is ocean, for which we have no long-term surface brightening or dimming measurements.

http://www.pnl.gov/news/2005/05-33.htm

--------


Why the Sun seems to be 'dimming'

1/13/05

By David Sington

They have reached the disturbing conclusion that the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth's surface has been gradually falling.

Paradoxically, the decline in sunlight may mean that global warming is a far greater threat to society than previously thought.

The effect was first spotted by Gerry Stanhill, an English scientist working in Israel.

Cloud changes

Comparing Israeli sunlight records from the 1950s with current ones, Dr Stanhill was astonished to find a large fall in solar radiation.

"There was a staggering 22% drop in the sunlight, and that really amazed me." Intrigued, he searched records from all around the world, and found the same story almost everywhere he looked.

Sunlight was falling by 10% over the USA, nearly 30% in parts of the former Soviet Union, and even by 16% in parts of the British Isles.

Although the effect varied greatly from place to place, overall the decline amounted to one to two per cent globally every decade between the 1950s and the 1990s.

Dr Stanhill called it "global dimming", but his research, published in 2001, met a sceptical response from other scientists.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4171591.stm

10
Mai
2005

9
Mai
2005

6
Mai
2005

THE CLIMATE OF MAN

http://www.newyorker.com/printables/fact/050425fa_fact3 (Part I)
http://www.newyorker.com/printables/fact/050502fa_fact3 (Part II)


Informant: Andy Caffrey

A Planetary Problem

http://www.newyorker.com/printables/online/050425on_onlineonly01


Informant: Andy Caffrey

EARTH HAS BECOME BRIGHTER, BUT NO ONE IS SURE WHY

by Kenneth Chang
New York Times
May 6, 2005

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/06/science/06bright.html

Reversing a decades-long trend toward "global dimming," Earth's surface has become brighter since 1990, scientists are reporting today.

The brightening means that more sunlight - and thus more heat - is reaching the ground. That could partly explain the record-high global temperatures reported in the late 1990's, and it could accelerate the planet's warming trend.

"We see the dimming is no longer there," said Dr. Martin Wild, a climatologist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and the lead author of one of three papers analyzing sunlight that appear in today's issue of the journal Science. "If anything, there is a brightening."

Some scientists have reported that from 1960 to 1990, the amount of sunshine reaching the ground decreased at a rate of 2 percent to 3 percent per decade.

In some places, the brightening of the 1990's has more than offset the dimming, Dr. Wild said. In other places, like Hong Kong, which lost more than a third of its sunlight, the dimming has leveled off, but skies remain darker than in the past. In a few places, like India, the dimming trend continues, he said.

The new papers also call attention to a major gap in the understanding of climate. Scientists do not exactly know what caused the dimming and the brightening, or how they affect the rest of the climate system.

Earth reflects about 30 percent of the incoming sunlight back into space. Slight changes in the reflectivity, possibly caused by changes in cloud cover and air pollution, can have as much impact on the climate as heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.

Some scientists say that the dimming and the brightening might explain why for many years temperatures on Earth lagged what was predicted by many climate models and then shot upward more recently.

"I think what could have happened is the dimming between the 60's and 80's counteracted the greenhouse effect," Dr. Wild said. "When the dimming faded, the effects of the greenhouse gases became more evident. There is no masking by the dimming anymore."

But Dr. Rachel T. Pinker, a professor of meteorology at the University of Maryland who led the team that wrote one of the other papers, said the picture might not be so simple. More sunlight should increase evaporation rates, leading to more clouds, and the additional cloud cover could then increase Earth's reflectivity, limiting the warming effect.

"I think that's a complex issue," Dr. Pinker said. "There are many feedbacks involved."

The findings of Dr. Wild and his colleagues are based on data through 2001 from a network of ground-based sensors that directly measure the sunlight hitting the ground. But the sensors are not evenly distributed, with the greatest number in Europe, few in Africa and South America, and none covering the 70 percent of Earth's surface that is water.

Dr. Pinker's team analyzed satellite data from 1983 to 2001 that covered the globe. Its findings about brightening, which basically agree with Dr. Wild's, rely on computer models to estimate how much sunlight reaches the surface.

Finally, a team led by Dr. Bruce A. Wielicki of NASA's Langley Research Center in Virginia reports that measurements from the agency's Aqua satellite show a slight decrease in the amount of light reflected off Earth since 2000, which corresponds to a brightening on the surface.

The NASA findings conflict with measurements, reported last year, suggesting that Earth had resumed dimming since 2000. Those measurements looked at the illumination of the dark side of the Moon by light reflected off Earth.

Dr. Philip R. Goode, a professor of physics at the New Jersey Institute of Technology who was one of the researchers behind last year's report, said it was not clear why the findings differed so markedly. "We've been working with them to understand the origins of the differences," Dr. Goode said of the Wielicki group.

Dr. Wielicki said his data supported a report last month by a team led by Dr. James E. Hansen of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York. In a paper published on Science's Web site, Dr. Hansen and his colleagues said much of the excess heat generated by global warming has been stored in the oceans. Even if no more greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere, they said, Earth will continue to warm by 1 degree Fahrenheit over the coming decades, as the heat in the oceans is released into the air.

Dr. Wielicki said the amount of energy coming from the Sun matched the gain in heat in the oceans reported by Dr. Hansen. "It is consistent with the ocean heat storage that the oceanographers are seeing," Dr. Wielicki said, "and it is consistent with the climate models' predictions of what the heat storage should be."

Dr. Robert J. Charlson, a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington and an author of a commentary that accompanied the three papers, said, "This set of papers, taken together, calls attention for more emphasis on research in these topics."

But he added, "Unfortunately, impediments have come up." Four years' worth of data from the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite is unanalyzed, he said, because there is no money for scientists to work with it.

Another satellite, the Deep Space Climate Observatory, which was scheduled to be launched on a space shuttle, awaits in storage. Proposed budget cuts in earth science research at NASA could limit the analysis of data from other satellites, Dr. Charlson said.


Informant: NHNE

5
Mai
2005

Thin ice

You'd think that crossing the Arctic would be less dangerous in the summer. But in fact, thin ice and a warming climate make it far more treacherous.

On 13 May, explorers Lonnie Dupre and Eric Larsen will leave on a four-month unsupported expedition across the Arctic Ocean. Enduring shifting sea ice, these explorers will attempt one of the toughest feats in history. This journey however, is more than a story about heroism and adventure. Using skis and canoes, the team will cross the ice from Cape Arctichesky, Siberia, through the North Pole and onto Ellesmere Island, Canada, to document the impacts of global warming and highlight the threat it presents -- not only to the region, but to our entire planet.

While you may not be able to join Lonnie and Eric, you can still do your part to stop global warming. Watch for global action alerts at Greenpeace USA's website covering the expedition.

You can also tell us your personal story on things you have done to fight global warming.
http://prefs.greenpeace.org/mail-links/clicks/6859.1575276.5409

Watch for global action alerts
http://prefs.greenpeace.org/mail-links/clicks/6858.1575276.5409

1
Mai
2005

Forestalled Climate Change Solutions

Hello everyone

I met Mr Burger at one of my Money Matters Workshops last week in Calgary. A very fascinating man, with a very significant understanding of Global Warming. He's very well respected in the his field, and thought you'd enjoy the read.

Brian

From: "Martin Burger" ceo@bluenergy.com
Subject: Forestalled Climate Change Solutions
Date: Sun, 25 Apr 2004 19:29:57 -0600

After fourteen years of in our efforts to advance stranded solutions to a major problem facing humanity it just boggles the mind to see media so readily granting the hydrocarbon confusionists a place of legitimacy on the world's public opinion stage.

With some 10 degrees warning (Freudian slip) the Arctic is the proverbial coal mine for Climate Change, and I'm here to report figuratively dead canaries littering the landscape up there by the thousands.

I urge everyone to read two very readable papers on climate change. The first tells about how the scientists themselves struggled when faced with the inescapable conclusions from the ice core data, went from a place of total disbelief to a reluctant acceptance that indeed small changes in model inputs conclusively resulted in dramatic changes (ice ages are triggered by North Atlantic Thermoline shifts).

The second paper is a good climate change summary.

Available at:

http://www.aip.org/history/climate/rapid.htm
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/summary.htm

There is no further debate. The climate change data set is unquestionably conclusive as the tiny air bubbles locked in the ice cores served as time locked trace gas atmospheric samples for our spectroscopy analysis. This data permitted us to reconstruct a complete climate history showing in great detail what we had for an atmosphere on this planet. Further, oxygen isotope analysis from the ice cores completed an incredibly detailed picture to provide even minute seasonal temperatures changes going back some 420,000 years.

What is there left to debate? This nonsense is the same charade as our good doctor in a white lab coat claiming that tobacco is good for you. That went on for years before the public caught on that was only the special interests making unseemly profits at the expense of an unsuspecting public.

With similar motives today the special interests in the energy sector have effectively muted the climate change urgency now to where the transition is going to be inescapably difficult.

Global warming has been hidden in ocean warming and the public will
eventually come to appreciate that while all this was all going on early inventors like Viktor Schauberger, Nicola Tesla, Barry Davis and others had invented scalable energy solutions that could have prevented or mitigated our ecology degradation. The sad truth is this mess did not have to occur and that the Florida Gulf Current is likely to shut down in the not too distant future and along with it the loss of the food carrying capacity for Europe's 450 million people.

The domino effects do not stop there, yes it gets much worse and none of us will be able to escape the climate change consequences.

The planet has long enjoyed the beneficial cooling mirror effect from the vast expanse of the polar ice cap with its high refractive index. The Russians and the US Trident Submarine program played cold war cat and mouse war games under the ice cap and continuously pinged the ice cap thickness to assess surface launch conditions. This date set is a complete data set as well and in forty short years we have seen a 50 % thinning of the polar ice cap which serves as the planet's fragile cooling mirror.

Rudimentary thermal dynamic tells us that the first mass loss is the slowest mass loss and that the next remaining 50% thickness will be gone in less than 15 years. Scary enough for you yet. It gets worse, much worse.

Underneath the polar ice cap lie trillions of tons of frozen tundra (METHANE is 20 times the greenhouse gas effect that carbon is!!!). Inert while frozen but when this stuff starts to melt and gasify, it will further exacerbate our Thermagedon.

Hollywood is to be commended for doing a great public service and dramatizing the urgent climate change issue. This movie alone will do what the urgent warnings from 50,000 of the world's senior scientists was not able to do when they said that we have unwittingly set our selves on a perilous course.

"No more than one or a few decades remain before the chance to avert the threats we now confront will be lost and the prospects for humanity immeasurably diminished." See http://www.ucsusa.org/ucs/about/page.cfm?pageID=1009

Yes the Day After Tomorrow movie is indeed a Hollywood fictional account of a runaway climate change scenario, nonetheless it still serves as a badly needed wake call for us all. See: http://www.thedayaftertomorrowmovie.com/index.php

We enjoy a very special experience together here on planet Earth and wisdom necessitates that we error on the side of sanity for with our present course, we surely play recklessly with the very life support system of our planet.

The good news is that thanks to Hollywood an informed public will now insist on implementing some of these stranded technology breakthrough solutions and that means we can readily move into our low cost clean energy future beyond the vested interest gridlock.

Thank you Hollywood.

Martin J. Burger CEO
http://www.bluenergy.com
Ph: (403) 270 3040


Informant: V

Leading scientific journals 'are censoring debate on global warming'

http://tinyurl.com/aedcv


Informant: NHNE
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